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Chapter 6: Commonalities and Variations

Human evolution developed at more or less the same rate across the globe with key differences in each region. These regions are the Americas, Eurasia, Africa, Australia and Pacific Oceania respectively, the supercontinents being Eurasia, Africa and the Americas. In the Americas there were no animals available to draw plows with the exception of llamas in the Andes. America also did not have the luxury of interacting with with other civilizations like Africa and Eurasia did. The cultures were able to intermingle and borrow from each other in the two eastern supercontinents while the Americas were isolated from all other ways of life.  In africa, there were many small cultures that occasionally shared similarities with other small cultures in the area. There was no central political power that united the continent as "Africans". Many civilizations grew up near river basins and had a mix of agriculture and hunter gathering tendencies. Meroe was a huge power in Nubian civilizatio...

Chapter 4: Culture and Religion

Once there were scholars there was a need for guidance and for belief on how to act and what life was all about. Confucianism was a religion developed around a strict patriarchy and was about those who were "superior" being dignified and genuine and those inferior being obedient in response to the niceness of those above them. Daoism was created in opposition of confucianism, being largely centered around the natural world and the gods who are in it. In Daoism there were no formal worship places or rituals as in confucianism. Hinduism was developed in India and was written in language imaccesible to most of the people. It was centered around good values that would result in good karma or higher caste placement in reincarnation. Women were still subordinate to men, educating themselves to serve their husbands. Buddhism was in response to this elite religion, with no formal wordhip place nor rituals. It's founder, Buddha, or Siddhartha believed that enough devotion to Buddh...